Quick Summary: Choosing the right chemical-resistant gloves is vital for anyone handling hazardous materials. From nitrile and neoprene to butyl and PVC, each glove type offers unique resistance against specific chemicals. This 2025 guide explains glove materials, applications, ANSI/OSHA standards, and how to select the right protection for your job site.
Why Chemical-Resistant Gloves Matter
Chemical-resistant gloves protect workers from burns, irritation, absorption, and long-term health hazards caused by chemical exposure. Whether in laboratories, factories, cleaning services, or construction sites, gloves act as a critical barrier between the skin and dangerous substances. Selecting the right glove type ensures compliance with OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.138, which requires employers to provide adequate hand protection when chemical hazards are present.
Understanding Chemical Resistance
Chemical resistance refers to a glove’s ability to prevent a substance from passing through its material. Three main processes determine effectiveness:
- Permeation: The rate at which chemicals diffuse through the glove.
- Penetration: The flow of chemicals through seams or pinholes.
- Degradation: The physical breakdown of glove material upon contact.
Different materials offer varying resistance levels, so no single glove protects against all chemicals. Employers must evaluate specific hazards using manufacturer compatibility charts or ASTM test data before selecting gloves.
Key Standards and Regulations
Several organizations define chemical-resistance standards for gloves. Understanding these ensures compliance and worker safety.
- OSHA 29 CFR 1910.138: Requires hand protection when workers risk exposure to harmful substances.
- ANSI/ISEA 105-2016: Defines glove performance levels for chemical permeation, cut, abrasion, and puncture resistance.
- EN 374 (Europe): Measures protection against microorganisms and chemicals, often referenced globally.
Common Glove Materials and Their Chemical Resistance
1. Nitrile Gloves
Best for: Oils, greases, solvents, and petroleum-based chemicals.
Description: Nitrile is a synthetic rubber offering excellent puncture and abrasion resistance. It performs well against hydrocarbons, oils, and many solvents. It’s a top choice for automotive, janitorial, and laboratory applications.
Limitations: Not ideal for strong oxidizing agents, ketones, or certain chlorinated solvents.
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2. Neoprene Gloves
Best for: Acids, caustics, alcohols, and peroxides.
Description: Neoprene (polychloroprene) offers balanced chemical and physical resistance. It withstands moderate heat and maintains flexibility in cold conditions. Common in laboratories and chemical handling operations.
Limitations: Limited resistance to strong oxidizing acids and aromatic hydrocarbons.
3. Butyl Rubber Gloves
Best for: Ketones, esters, and strong acids.
Description: Butyl gloves are known for exceptional protection against gases and vapors. They provide a tight barrier against aggressive chemicals like methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and nitric acid. Butyl remains flexible at low temperatures, making it suitable for aerospace and chemical manufacturing.
Limitations: Not effective against aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
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4. Latex Gloves
Best for: Water-based chemicals, detergents, and mild acids.
Description: Natural rubber latex provides good elasticity and dexterity. It’s ideal for biological and light chemical applications. Latex gloves are often used in cleaning, healthcare, and food service environments.
Limitations: Poor resistance to organic solvents, oils, and petroleum products. Also, latex allergies affect a portion of workers.
5. PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Gloves
Best for: Acids, caustics, and alcohols.
Description: PVC gloves are durable and resistant to many aqueous solutions, acids, and bases. They are affordable, waterproof, and ideal for maintenance, cleaning, and light industrial use.
Limitations: Limited protection against organic solvents and some hydrocarbons.
6. Viton Gloves
Best for: Aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, and fuels.
Description: Viton (fluoroelastomer) provides outstanding chemical resistance to a broad range of aggressive substances, including benzene and trichloroethylene. Used in chemical processing and hazardous waste cleanup.
Limitations: Expensive and less flexible than nitrile or neoprene.
7. PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) Gloves
Best for: Aromatic and chlorinated solvents.
Description: PVA gloves resist strong organic solvents but degrade quickly in water. Often used as an inner layer under an outer protective glove when working with liquid solvents.
Limitations: Cannot be used with water or water-based solutions.
Glove Coatings and Liners
Many chemical-resistant gloves include special coatings or liners for added durability, comfort, and grip. Common coatings include:
- Sandy or smooth nitrile coating: Improves grip and oil resistance.
- Foam neoprene coating: Enhances flexibility and tactile control.
- Cotton or flock liners: Increase comfort and absorb sweat during long use.
Applications by Industry
Different industries require specific glove types based on chemical exposure and handling frequency.
- Manufacturing: Nitrile or PVC gloves for handling oils, solvents, and lubricants.
- Laboratories: Neoprene or butyl gloves for concentrated acids and esters.
- Automotive: Nitrile gloves for oil, fuel, and brake fluid protection.
- Janitorial and Cleaning: Latex or neoprene gloves for detergents and disinfectants.
- Pharmaceutical and Healthcare: Nitrile or latex gloves for safe handling of chemicals and medications.
- Food Processing: FDA-approved nitrile or latex gloves for hygiene and contamination control.
How to Select the Right Chemical-Resistant Glove
Use the following checklist when selecting gloves for chemical protection:
- Identify the chemicals handled and their concentration levels.
- Review manufacturer compatibility charts for each glove material.
- Assess the duration of contact — intermittent or continuous.
- Consider dexterity, grip, and comfort requirements.
- Evaluate the temperature of the work environment.
- Always verify that gloves meet ANSI/ISEA or OSHA standards.
Proper Glove Use and Maintenance
Proper usage ensures continued protection and compliance.
- Inspect gloves before each use for tears, punctures, or degradation.
- Wash reusable gloves according to manufacturer instructions.
- Store gloves away from sunlight, chemicals, and heat sources.
- Dispose of single-use gloves after one task or chemical contact.
When to Replace Chemical-Resistant Gloves
Replace gloves immediately when you notice signs of wear, color change, softening, or stickiness. Even small defects can allow hazardous chemicals to pass through. OSHA recommends routine inspection and replacement as part of every workplace PPE program.
Combining Gloves with Other PPE
Chemical protection requires a system approach. Combine gloves with other PPE for full-body protection:
- Safety Goggles – Protects eyes from splashes and vapors.
- Face Shields – Provides additional face protection during chemical pouring.
- Chemical Protective Suits – Ensures full-body coverage for high-risk exposure.
Training and Compliance
OSHA mandates that employers provide training on glove selection, proper donning and doffing, limitations, and care procedures. This training should include a demonstration of glove integrity testing and clear guidance on disposal after contamination.
Conclusion
In 2025, chemical-resistant gloves remain one of the most essential forms of hand protection across industries. Selecting the right glove material ensures both compliance and personal safety. By understanding glove materials, applications, and ANSI/OSHA standards, workers and employers can reduce the risk of chemical injuries and maintain a safer work environment.
Explore the full range of chemical-resistant gloves available at eSafetySupplies.com to keep your team protected and compliant year-round.
People Also Ask
What type of gloves protect against acids and solvents?
Neoprene and butyl rubber gloves provide excellent resistance to acids, caustics, and solvents. For mixed chemical exposure, always check compatibility charts before use.
Are nitrile gloves safe for all chemicals?
No. Nitrile gloves resist oils, fuels, and many solvents but are not effective against strong oxidizing agents or certain ketones. Always review chemical resistance data before selection.
How long can chemical-resistant gloves last?
Reusable chemical-resistant gloves typically last several months, depending on exposure frequency and cleaning. Discard immediately if punctured, discolored, or sticky.
Do I need to wear other PPE with chemical-resistant gloves?
Yes. Gloves should be combined with safety goggles, face shields, and protective suits when handling corrosive or volatile chemicals to ensure full-body protection.
What is the OSHA standard for chemical-resistant gloves?
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.138 requires employers to provide appropriate hand protection when workers are exposed to harmful substances, including chemicals, cuts, or abrasions.
About the Author
Mick Chan is a Safety Supplies industry professional with over 15 years of hands-on experience. He specializes in OSHA compliance, PPE regulations, and bulk safety product procurement for high-risk industries. Mick earned his Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration from Cal State LA in 2013 and has been advising companies across California ever since. Born and raised in the San Gabriel Valley, Mick understands the safety needs of businesses in diverse urban and industrial environments. His work focuses on bridging safety compliance with practical product solutions for the modern workplace.